Sharjah over One Million Years: The Evolution of Human Settlement in Southeastern Arabia from the Paleolithic to the Dawn of History
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.67278/sjas.v1i1.38Keywords:
Sharjah, Jebel Faya, Southeastern Arabian Peninsula,, Palaeolithic Age, Neolithic Age, Bronze Age, Iron AgeAbstract
The Emirate of Sharjah represents one of the most important regions in the southeast of the Arabian Peninsula because it contains a long and diverse record of human settlement extending back more than a million years. This research aims to trace the development of human presence in Sharjah from the Lower Palaeolithic Age in the Pleistocene era, through the later Stone Ages, then the Bronze Age, Iron and Hellenistic Ages, to the beginnings of recorded history.
The research is based on an analysis of the results of archaeological excavations, geological and environmental studies, and regional comparisons with neighbouring regions such as Oman, Mesopotamia, the Iranian Plateau, and the Indus Valley. Archaeological data show that Sharjah was not a cultural fringe but rather constituted a vital node within the networks of early human movement, migration routes, and cultural and economic exchange across successive eras.
In recent decades, the Emirate of Sharjah has witnessed a series of pivotal archaeological discoveries, especially in sites such as Jabal Al Faya, Maliha, Al Madam Plain, Wadi Al Helou, the eastern coast area overlooking the Sea of Oman, and other important sites, which contributed to redrawing the picture of human settlement in the southeastern region of the Arabian Peninsula. These sites have revealed physical evidence dating back to the Palaeolithic era, documenting human use of stone tools, exploitation of natural resources, and adaptation to successive climate changes during the Pleistocene, Holocene, and beyond.
This research aims also to present a comprehensive study that highlights the civilizational role of the Emirate of Sharjah within the broader regional context, with a focus on the chronology and settlement patterns, the nature of archaeological finds, and their civilizational implications. The research relies on the comparative analytical approach based on published archaeological data, and to show the Emirate of Sharjah as a model indicating the dynamics of interaction between humans and the environment in a region that has long been mentioned in ancient literature as a civilizational margin.
Keywords: Sharjah, Jebel Faya, Southeastern Arabian Peninsula, Palaeolithic Age, Neolithic Age, Bronze Age, Iron Age.
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